.preview-badge{display:inline-block;color:#f0b18a;border:1px solid #825b3e;padding:5px 12px;font:400 12px/1.7 var(--font-body);letter-spacing:.08em;margin-bottom:27px}.fermi-essay .article-opening{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background:linear-gradient(118deg,#201a15,#16120f 72%)}.fermi-essay .article-opening-inner{position:relative;z-index:1}.fermi-essay .article-opening h1{font-size:clamp(31px,4.3vw,60px);line-height:1.6;max-width:900px}.fermi-essay .article-deck{font-family:var(--font-serif)}.fermi-essay .reading-layout{display:block;max-width:1120px;padding:45px 30px 100px}.fermi-essay .reading-sidebar{position:relative;top:auto;max-width:720px;margin:0 auto 45px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:25px}.fermi-essay .reading-sidebar nav{flex:1}.fermi-essay .reading-sidebar details summary{cursor:pointer}.fermi-essay .reading-tools{margin-top:0;align-self:start;flex-shrink:0}.fermi-essay .prose-reading>blockquote,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>h2,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>h3,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>ol,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>p,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>section,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>ul{max-width:720px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fermi-essay .prose-reading>p:first-child{font-size:1.07em}.fermi-essay .prose-reading>h2{font-size:1.45em;line-height:1.8}.fermi-essay .article-end,.fermi-essay .article-share{max-width:720px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.fermi-essay .prose-reading section[data-footnotes]{font-size:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px;margin-top:55px;color:var(--color-muted)}.fermi-essay .prose-reading section[data-footnotes] h2{font-size:15px;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border:0}.next-story-section{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:100px}.next-story-card{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:31% 1fr;gap:60px;align-items:center;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:50px 35px;overflow:hidden;background:#1d1813;transition:background .3s}.next-story-card:hover{background:#261e17}.next-story-card>div:last-child{position:relative;z-index:1}.next-story-card h2{font:500 clamp(24px,3.5vw,40px)/1.6 var(--font-serif);margin:18px 0}.next-story-card .eyebrow{color:#d99b6e}.next-story-card p:not(.eyebrow){font:400 16px/1.9 var(--font-serif);color:var(--color-muted);margin-bottom:28px}.next-story-question{position:relative;text-align:center;font:400 260px/.85 var(--font-display);color:#d09060}.next-story-question:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:50%;height:1px;background:#c6946444}.essay-question-art{height:100%;width:100%;display:grid;place-items:center;background:#241c15;font:400 clamp(160px,25vw,350px)/1 var(--font-display);color:#d79d70}@media(max-width:740px){.fermi-essay .reading-layout{padding:26px 18px 60px}.fermi-essay .reading-sidebar{gap:12px;margin-bottom:32px}.fermi-essay .reading-tools{gap:7px}.fermi-essay .reading-tools>span{display:none}.fermi-essay .prose-reading>h2,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>p,.fermi-essay .prose-reading>section{margin-left:6px;margin-right:6px}.fermi-essay .prose-reading>h2{font-size:1.28em}.next-story-section{padding-bottom:65px}.next-story-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:32px 23px}.next-story-question{position:absolute;right:-20px;top:10px;font-size:220px;opacity:.13}.next-story-card h2{font-size:25px}.preview-badge{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:20px}}.fermi-title-part{display:inline-block}.fermi-essay .preview-badge{margin-left:16px}.essay-image{margin:55px 0 65px!important}.essay-image-open{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;background:#100e0c}.essay-image-open picture{display:block}.essay-image-open img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s ease}.essay-image-open:hover img{transform:scale(1.015)}.essay-image-expand{position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:22px;border:1px solid #d5b89b88;background:#17110dbb;color:#f4dfc9;padding:7px 13px;font:400 12px/1.7 var(--font-body)}.essay-image figcaption{max-width:720px;margin:22px auto 0}.prose-reading .essay-image figcaption p{margin:0}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-label{font:400 12px/1.8 var(--font-body);letter-spacing:.08em;color:#d8a880;margin-bottom:9px}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-title{font:500 22px/1.8 var(--font-serif);color:#e9d8c5;margin-bottom:12px}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-description{font:400 15px/1.9 var(--font-body);color:#cbbbaa}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-credit{font:400 12px/1.8 var(--font-body);color:#af9f90;margin-top:12px}.essay-image-credit a{font-size:12px}.essay-image-deepfield .essay-image-open img{aspect-ratio:16/10;object-position:center}.essay-image-earth .essay-image-open img,.essay-image-tokyo .essay-image-open img{aspect-ratio:3/2}@media(max-width:740px){.essay-image{margin:40px -18px 45px!important}.essay-image figcaption{padding:0 24px}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-title{font-size:19px}.prose-reading .essay-image .essay-image-description{font-size:14px}.essay-image-expand{right:12px;bottom:12px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px}.essay-image-deepfield .essay-image-open img{aspect-ratio:1.25}.essay-image-open:hover img{transform:none}}.fermi-cover{display:block;overflow:hidden;background:#0b1420}.fermi-cover img{display:block;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 55%}.fermi-cover img,.fermi-cover-card{width:100%;height:100%}.fermi-cover-hero{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;aspect-ratio:16/9}.article-card-photo .fermi-cover-card{position:absolute;inset:0}.article-card-photo:has(.fermi-cover)>span{background:#0a1425c9;padding:6px 10px;color:#f8eee2}.next-story-image{height:100%;min-height:290px;position:relative}.next-story-image .fermi-cover{position:absolute;inset:0}.next-story-card:has(.next-story-image){grid-template-columns:46% 1fr;gap:40px;padding:0 35px 0 0}.next-story-card:has(.next-story-image)>div:last-child{padding:30px 0}.next-story-image img{object-position:50% 60%}@media(max-width:740px){.fermi-cover-hero{aspect-ratio:4/3}.fermi-cover-hero img{object-position:50% 65%}.next-story-card:has(.next-story-image){grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0;padding:0}.next-story-card:has(.next-story-image)>div:last-child{padding:27px 23px}.next-story-image{min-height:0;aspect-ratio:4/3}}.article-cover{display:block;overflow:hidden;background:#091321}.article-cover img,.article-cover>picture{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.article-cover img{object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 55%}.article-cover-card{height:100%;width:100%}.article-cover-hero{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;aspect-ratio:16/9}.article-card-photo .article-cover{position:absolute;inset:0}.article-card{overflow:hidden;transition:border-color .25s,background .25s}.article-card:hover{border-color:#ab8060;background:#241d17}.article-card:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--color-clay);outline-offset:5px}.article-card-photo>span{background:#07101ccc;padding:7px 11px;color:#f8eee2;left:20px;top:20px}.article-card-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;width:100%;height:100%;min-width:0}.article-card-copy h2{font-size:clamp(28px,2.5vw,38px);line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:.015em;text-wrap:balance;margin:20px 0}.article-card-copy>p{font-size:16px;line-height:2;margin:0 0 24px}.article-card .story-meta{font-size:13px;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap}.article-card-status{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 15px;margin-top:auto;padding-top:12px;min-height:38px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--color-clay)}.article-card-status>span:empty{display:none}.article-read-link{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;width:100%;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:19px;margin-top:17px;font-size:15px;min-height:44px}.article-read-link>span{font-size:23px;transition:transform .25s}.article-card:hover .article-read-link>span{transform:translate(3px,-3px)}.home-essays{padding-top:80px;padding-bottom:90px;scroll-margin-top:28px}.home-reading-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;margin-bottom:38px}.home-reading-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:22px}.home-reading-heading h2{font:400 18px/1.5 var(--font-serif);color:var(--color-muted);margin:0}.home-reading-heading h2>span{font-size:46px;color:var(--color-ink);margin-left:20px;letter-spacing:.12em}.home-chapter-question{font:400 18px/1.9 var(--font-serif);margin:16px 0 0;color:var(--color-muted);text-wrap:balance}.home-reading-heading>.text-link{flex-shrink:0}.home-essay-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px}.home-essay-grid:has(>.article-card:only-child){grid-template-columns:minmax(0,880px)}.article-card-home{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#1d1814}.article-card-home .article-card-photo{min-height:0;aspect-ratio:16/9;flex-shrink:0}.article-card-home .article-card-copy{padding:30px clamp(24px,2.5vw,40px);flex:1}.journal-home .cosmic-journey{padding-top:75px;padding-bottom:45px;border-top:1px solid #ffffff22}.journal-home .cosmic-heading{margin-bottom:35px}.journal-home .cosmic-heading h2{font-size:clamp(30px,3.3vw,50px)}.journal-home .cosmic-step{min-height:42svh;padding:30px 0}.journal-home .cosmic-step h3{font-size:clamp(24px,2.5vw,36px);margin-bottom:20px}.journal-home .cosmic-window{height:54svh;min-height:380px;max-height:570px}.journal-home .cosmic-number>strong{font-size:clamp(100px,11vw,170px)}.home-author{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);gap:clamp(35px,7vw,110px);align-items:center;padding-top:85px;padding-bottom:85px}.home-author-image{position:relative;aspect-ratio:4/3;overflow:hidden}.home-author-image img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center}.home-author-copy{max-width:570px}.home-author-copy .eyebrow{margin-bottom:22px}.home-author-copy h2{font:400 clamp(28px,3vw,43px)/1.8 var(--font-serif);margin:0 0 22px}.home-author-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:16px;line-height:2.1;color:var(--color-muted);margin:0 0 24px}@media(max-width:740px){.article-cover-hero{aspect-ratio:4/3}.article-cover-hero img{object-position:50% 65%}.home-essays{padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:55px}.home-reading-heading{display:block;margin-bottom:28px}.home-reading-heading h2{font-size:16px}.home-reading-heading h2>span{font-size:36px;margin-left:15px}.home-chapter-question{font-size:16px;margin-top:12px}.home-reading-heading>.text-link{margin-top:17px;font-size:14px}.home-essay-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}.article-card-home .article-card-copy,.article-card-list .article-card-copy{padding:25px 23px}.article-card-copy h2{font-size:27px;margin:17px 0;letter-spacing:0}.article-card-copy>p{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px}.article-card-status{padding-top:4px;min-height:27px}.article-read-link{margin-top:16px;padding-top:15px}.article-card-list .article-card-photo{aspect-ratio:16/9}.article-card-photo>span{left:15px;top:15px}.journal-home .cosmic-journey{padding-top:50px}.journal-home .cosmic-heading h2{font-size:30px}.journal-home .cosmic-heading .eyebrow{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em}.journal-home .cosmic-window{height:440px;min-height:0}.journal-home .cosmic-number>strong{font-size:135px}.journal-home .cosmic-step{min-height:0;padding:25px 0}.journal-home .cosmic-step h3{font-size:25px}.journal-home .cosmic-step>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:16px}.home-author{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;padding-top:55px;padding-bottom:55px}.home-author-copy h2{font-size:30px}.home-author-copy .eyebrow{font-size:12px}.home-author-copy>p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:16px}}@media(max-width:380px){.article-card-copy h2{font-size:24px}.article-card-home .article-card-copy,.article-card-list .article-card-copy{padding-left:19px;padding-right:19px}}.hero-invitation p strong{font-weight:500;color:#f8e6cc}.hero-invitation p span{color:#d5d8da}.hero-copy-break{display:block}.scale-essay .article-opening{background:linear-gradient(120deg,#112338,#161819 75%)}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table{max-width:720px;width:100%;margin:32px auto;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.87em}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table td,.scale-essay .prose-reading>table th{padding:13px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid #8c766244;text-align:left}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table th{color:#e2bd8a;font-weight:500;background:#2a292333}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table td:last-child{font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums!important}.scale-essay .essay-image-andromeda .essay-image-open img{aspect-ratio:auto;object-fit:contain}.scale-essay .essay-image-webb .essay-image-open img{aspect-ratio:auto;max-height:900px;object-fit:contain;background:#04070e}.universe-note{max-width:720px;margin:32px auto!important;border:1px solid #68798a88;background:#132130;scroll-margin-top:30px}.universe-note>summary{position:relative;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 54px 22px 23px;color:#e4c699;line-height:1.8;font-family:var(--font-body)}.universe-note>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.universe-note>summary>span{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#b1c2d2}.universe-note>summary>strong{font-size:16px;font-weight:400;color:#ebd3ad}.universe-note>summary>i{font-style:normal;position:absolute;right:20px;top:29px}.universe-note[open]>summary>i{transform:rotate(45deg)}.universe-note>summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #edc284;outline-offset:4px}.universe-note-body{border-top:1px solid #53657955;padding:22px 26px;color:#ccd7df;font-size:15px;line-height:2}.universe-note-body>p{margin:0 0 20px!important}.universe-note-body>p:last-child{margin:0!important}.universe-note-page{padding:55px 25px 90px;max-width:790px;margin:auto}.universe-note-page header{padding-bottom:38px;margin-bottom:35px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.universe-note-page .eyebrow{margin:50px 0 25px}.universe-note-page h1{font:400 clamp(28px,5vw,45px)/1.8 var(--font-serif);margin:0 0 30px}.universe-note-number{font:400 clamp(40px,8vw,65px)/1.5 var(--font-display);color:#ecc18d;white-space:nowrap}.universe-note-number span{font:400 14px var(--font-body);margin-left:7px}.universe-note-number i{color:#85817b;font-style:normal;font-size:.7em}.universe-note-page footer{margin-top:45px;padding-top:25px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}@media(max-width:740px){.hero-invitation{display:block}.hero-invitation p{display:block;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 22px}.hero-copy-break{display:block}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table{font-size:.8em}.scale-essay .prose-reading>table td,.scale-essay .prose-reading>table th{padding:11px 10px}.universe-note{margin-left:6px!important;margin-right:6px!important}.universe-note>summary{padding-left:18px}.universe-note>summary>strong{font-size:15px}.universe-note-body{padding:22px 18px;font-size:14px}.universe-note-page .prose-reading{font-size:16px}}@media(min-width:1100px){.home-essay-grid:has(>.article-card:nth-child(3)){grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.home-essay-grid:has(>.article-card:nth-child(3)) .article-card-copy{padding:27px 24px}.home-essay-grid:has(>.article-card:nth-child(3)) .article-card-copy h2{font-size:29px}}:root{font-variant-numeric:lining-nums}body *{font-variant-numeric:lining-nums!important}.brand-inline{white-space:nowrap}.brand-inline .brand-plus{position:static;font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:max(.72em,10px);vertical-align:.42em;line-height:0;margin:0 .035em}.brand-inline .brand-plus,.brand-plus-symbol{font-weight:600;color:var(--color-brand-plus)}.name-symbol sup{position:static;line-height:1;margin:.03em 0 0 .06em}.title-phrase{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}h1,h2{text-wrap:balance}.article-card h2,.article-opening h1,.journey-entry h2{word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.eyebrow .brand-inline{letter-spacing:.04em}.probability-scale{scroll-margin-top:24px}.probability-equation>span{display:grid;grid-template-rows:112px auto;align-items:center;justify-items:center;gap:12px}.probability-equation b{display:inline-block;min-height:0;line-height:1.15;text-align:center}.probability-equation sup{position:static;vertical-align:super;line-height:0;margin:0 0 0 .025em;font-size:.5em}.probability-equation .power-fraction{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;justify-content:center;gap:0;min-height:0}.probability-equation .power-fraction>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center}.probability-equation .power-fraction>span:first-child{border:0;font-size:.65em;line-height:1.15;padding:0 .2em .17em}.probability-equation .power-fraction>span+span{border-top:1px solid;padding:.43em .08em 0;line-height:1.1}.probability-equation>i{align-self:start;line-height:112px}.probability-equation small{min-height:3.2em}@media (max-width:740px){.probability-equation>span{grid-template-rows:92px auto}.probability-equation>i{line-height:92px}.probability-equation b{font-size:clamp(30px,9vw,38px);min-height:0}.article-opening h1{font-size:clamp(32px,9.2vw,36px)}}.language-switch{font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;padding:12px 8px;border-bottom:1px solid #bba17b70}.header-controls{gap:14px;flex-wrap:nowrap}.article-reaction{margin:60px 0 0;padding:30px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.article-reaction button,.privacy-choice,.reader-dashboard button{font:inherit;min-height:48px;border:1px solid #ad916a;padding:12px 22px;background:transparent;color:inherit;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer}.article-reaction button[aria-pressed=true]{background:#ad916a22;border-color:#e0c39c}.article-reaction button:disabled{opacity:.6}.article-reaction p{font-size:14px;min-height:1.6em;color:var(--color-muted)}.share-invitation{font-size:15px!important;line-height:1.9;flex-basis:100%;margin:0 0 16px}.article-share{flex-wrap:wrap}.reader-dashboard{max-width:1100px}.privacy-page h1,.reader-dashboard h1{font-family:var(--font-serif);font-size:clamp(30px,5vw,48px);line-height:1.5}.reader-dashboard h2{margin-top:45px}.reader-dashboard p{line-height:1.9}.reader-dashboard input{display:block;max-width:100%;width:380px;padding:14px;background:#ffffff08;border:1px solid var(--line);color:inherit;font-size:16px;margin:12px 0}.metric-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin:35px 0}.metric-cards>div{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px}.metric-cards strong{display:block;font:48px/1.4 var(--font-display)}.dashboard-note{color:var(--color-muted);font-size:14px}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto}.reader-dashboard table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;text-align:left}.reader-dashboard td,.reader-dashboard th{padding:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.reader-dashboard li{line-height:2}.english-note,.privacy-page{max-width:900px}.privacy-page p{font-size:17px;line-height:2}.privacy-page h2{margin-top:35px}.privacy-choice{margin-top:28px}.translation-note{font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;margin-top:30px;color:var(--color-muted)}.translation-note a{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}:lang(en) .prose-reading{line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:0;overflow-wrap:break-word}:lang(en) .article-opening h1{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.2;font-size:clamp(38px,5.5vw,80px)}:lang(en) .photo-hero h1{letter-spacing:0;font-size:clamp(26px,3.2vw,47px);line-height:1.35}:lang(en) .hero-topline{letter-spacing:.05em}:lang(en) .article-card-copy h2{line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:0}:lang(en) .probability-title{font-size:clamp(24px,3vw,38px);line-height:1.5}:lang(en) .probability-equation small{font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;white-space:normal}:lang(en) .about-prose{letter-spacing:0}:lang(en) .about-prose h2{line-height:1.4}:lang(en) .home-reading-heading h2{letter-spacing:0}@media(max-width:740px){.header-controls{gap:7px}.language-switch{font-size:13px;padding:12px 4px}.site-header{gap:8px}.motion-toggle>span+span{display:none}.metric-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.metric-cards>div{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.privacy-page p{font-size:16px}.reader-dashboard td,.reader-dashboard th{padding:10px 6px;font-size:14px}:lang(en) .hero-bottom{padding-top:50px}:lang(en) .hero-invitation p{font-size:15px}:lang(en) .article-opening .article-deck{font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}:lang(en) .article-opening h1{font-size:38px}:lang(en) .prose-reading{font-size:18px}:lang(en) .article-card-copy h2{font-size:29px}:lang(en) .home-reading-heading h2{font-size:30px}.article-share button{min-height:44px}.article-reaction{margin-top:40px}.table-scroll{max-width:100%}}@media(max-width:380px){.wordmark-by{display:none}.header-controls{gap:4px}.language-switch{font-size:12px}.menu-toggle{padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px}:lang(en) .probability-presets{flex-wrap:wrap}:lang(en) .probability-presets button{font-size:12px}}